Glossary
Contents
Pavement Condition Summary
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PMS |
An acronym for Pavement Management System
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NOS |
An acronym for Network
Optimization System |
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Road Cat. |
The PMS stratifies the
highway network into twenty-three road categories
by classification, pavement type, traffic, and width.
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Class. I/O |
I: for interstate. O:
for all others. |
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Pvmt Type |
- PCCP Portland cement concrete pavement.
- COMP Composite pavement, PCC pavement or brick
that has been overlaid with asphaltic concrete.
- FDBIT Full design bituminous pavement, designed
and constructed to carry expected traffic.
- PDBIT Partial design bituminous pavement, not
designed or constructed to carry expected traffic
(Par Value less than 20).
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Roadway Width |
Width of roadway including
any paved shoulders. |
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Traffic Range |
These are design lane
EAL (Equivalent Axle Loads). The values are expressed
in equivalent 18 kip axle loads which take into account
axle weight and type and the load carrying capacity
of the pavement. |
|
Total Miles |
Total roadway miles in
each road category. "Roadway" miles count divided
facilities twice. |
|
Miles In Level 1 |
Total roadway miles that
were smooth and exhibited few if any surface defects
at the time of the survey. Pavement segments in this
category do not require corrective action, however
it may be appropriate to perform preventative maintenance
actions to prolong this good condition. |
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Miles In Level 2 |
Total roadway miles that
appeared to require at least routine maintenance to
address roughness or to correct moderate surface defects
observed at the time of the survey. |
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Miles In Level 3 |
Total roadway miles that
require a rehabilitative action beyond routine maintenance
at the time of the survey. |
Distress Data, Distress State And Performance
Level
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PMS SEG.ID.NO.
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PMS segment identification
number. Each of the segments in the network has a
unique ID number. It contains county number, route
classification letter, route number, route suffix
number, segment integer logpoints (mileposts), and
lane number. |
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CO. |
The number (1-105) of
the county the PMS segment is in. A table of county
names, numbers, and abbreviations is inside the back
cover. |
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ROUTE |
- Route classification letters are "I", "U" and
"K".
- Route number is the assigned number of the route.
- Route suffix numbers are:
| 0: no suffix |
5: Alternate |
| 1: North |
6: Spur |
| 2: East |
7: Connector |
| 3: South |
8: Business |
| 4: West |
9: Kansas Turnpike |
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iLP |
Segment integer logpoints
(mileposts) are created using the format of "99-99"
by simple truncation of the fractional portions of
both beginning and ending logpoints (mileposts) of
the PMS segment. |
|
L |
Lane numbers are:
- 0: undivided
- 1: north lane (west bound)
- 2: east lane (north bound)
- 3: south lane (east bound)
- 4: west lane (south bound)
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LOGPOINT |
County logpoint (milepost)
normally begins with zero where the route enters a
county at the west or south county line or where the
route begins inside a county. |
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Beg. |
Beginning of segment with
reference to county logpoints (mileposts). |
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End |
Ending of segment with
reference to county logpoints (mileposts). |
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Dis St |
Distress State. Condition
of the segment at the time of the survey. This is
a three digit number, where each digit represents
the level of a certain pavement condition parameter.
The level ranges from 1-3 with 1 being the best condition,
3 being the worst. The three digits are defined as:
- First digit: An indicator of roughness on all
pavement types based upon the IRI value calculated
from the right wheelpath profile. (see “IRI
Notes”)
- Second digit: An indicator of joint distress
on rigid pavements or transverse cracking on flexible
pavements.
- Third digit: Indicator of faulting on rigid
pavements or rutting on flexible pavements.
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P L |
Performance Level. There
are three performance levels; 1, 2 & 3.
- Denotes segments that are smooth and exhibit
few if any surface defects. Pavement segments
in this category do not require corrective action,
however it may be appropriate to perform preventative
maintenance actions to prolong this good condition.
Formerly denoted "Good" or "Acceptable" condition.
- Denotes segments that appear to require at least
routine maintenance to address roughness or to
correct moderate surface defects. Formerly denoted
"Deteriorating" or "Tolerable" condition.
- Denotes segments that appeared to require a
rehabilitative action beyond routine maintenance
at the time of the survey. Formerly denoted "Deteriorated"
or "Unacceptable" condition. For Performance Level
details see “Performance
Level Notes”.
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Pr FY |
Project Fiscal Year. The
fiscal year in which a scheduled project is expected
to be let. |
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RC |
Road category. The highway
network is separated into 23 categories based on functional
class, pavement type, roadway width, and traffic (EAL).
For Road Category Details see “Road
Category Notes”. |
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Pv Ty |
Pavement Type.
- PC:Portland cement concrete pavement.
- CO:Composite pavement, PCC pavement or brick
that has been overlaid with asphaltic concrete.
- FD:Full design bituminous pavement, designed
and constructed to carry expected traffic.
- PD:Partial design bituminous pavement, not designed
or constructed to carry expected traffic (Par
Value less than 20).
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AADT |
Annual Average Daily Traffic.
(one direction only) |
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EAL |
Design Lane Equivalent
Axle Loads. Expressed in daily equivalent 18 kip axle
loads. |
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Prof Date |
The date of the roughness
survey or these special codes:
- 1/01: roughness and rutting default values assigned
due to new construction.
- 1/02: roughness and rutting based on an average
of adjacent segments.
- 1/03: roughness and rutting based on a subjective
rating made during the survey.
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ROUGHNESS |
Results of roughness survey.
Pavement roughness was determined using a Mays meter
from 1982 through 1992. Then a South Dakota Profilometer
equipped with sonic sensors was used from 1993 through
1995. In 1996 the South Dakota Profilometer sensors
were converted from sonic to laser devices. |
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iriL iriR in/mi |
International Roughness
Index (IRI) roughness in inches per mile calculated
from left and right wheelpath profiles collected with
a South Dakota profilometer. Roughness levels are
based on right wheelpath IRI values for determination
of distress states and performance levels. (see “IRI
Notes”) |
|
Surv Date |
The date of the condition
survey or these special codes:
- 1/01: condition default values asssigned due
to new construction.
- 1/02: condition based on an average of adjacent
segments.
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FLEXIBLE
DISTRESS
For the distresses: Fatigue Cracking,
Transverse Cracking, and Block Cracking, three 100-foot
randomly selected test sections are used to determine
expected condition for any 100-foot portion of the segment.
Rutting is measured over the entire segment. A value of
“* * * * * * * * * * ” under the Flexible Distress columns
indicates that flexible distress has been rated on previous
surveys on this segment but none was encountered on this
survey. This condition results when a flexible pavement
is reconstructed as PCCP or can occur when a segment contains
multiple pavement types.
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Rt |
Condition of rutting in
wheelpaths, representing data collected by the South
Dakota profilometer (on Prof Date) in the two driving
lane wheelpaths for the entire segment. This two digit
code is a combination of average (first digit) and
maximum tenth of a mile within a segment (second digit)
rutting severity. Each digit can be:
- 0.00"-0.24"
- 0.25"-0.50"
- 0.51"-1.00" flagged as "Rutting"
- >1.00" flagged as "RUTTING"
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Fc1 Fc2 Fc3 Fc4 lin.ft{wp}/100f
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Condition of fatigue cracking
in wheelpaths as an average of three test sections.
FC1 header denotes code 1 cracking severity, FC2 denotes
code 2 cracking severity, and so forth. The values
in the columns under the severity codes report the
lineal feet of fatigue cracking expected in any 100-foot
sample on a two-lane roadway. More than one severity
level may be coded per test section, however, the
extent must exceed 5’ to be counted. Fatigue Cracking
severity codes are:
- FC1: Hairline alligator cracking, pieces not
removable.
- FC2: Alligator cracking, pieces not removable,
cracks spalled.
- FC3: Alligator cracking, pieces are loose and
removable, pavement may pump.
- FC4: Pavement has shoved forming a ridge of
material adjacent to the wheelpath.
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T0 T1 T2 T3 |
Condition of transverse
cracking as an average of the three 100-foot test
sections. The severity codes are:
- T0: Sealed cracks with no roughness and sealant
breaks less than 1 foot per lane.
- T1: No roughness, 0.25” or wider with no secondary
cracking; or any width with secondary cracking
less than 4 feet per lane; or any width with a
failed seal (1 or more feet per lane).
- T2: Any width with noticeable roughness due
to depression or bump. Also cracks that have greater
than 4 feet of secondary cracking but no roughness.
- T3: Any width with significant roughness due
to depression or bump. Secondary cracking will
be more severe than Code 2.
Only cracks that are a full lane width are counted
(centerline to edge on a two lane road). More than
one severity level may be coded per test section.
The extent of transverse cracking is reported as
a one or two digit number which represents the number
of full width cracks expected in any 100-foot sample
of the segment, to the nearest 0.1 cracks.
Note:Transverse
cracking extent values are displayed without a decimal
point, xx instead of x.x, due to space limitations
on the printed page.
For example, if during the survey the rater counted
two full cracks (say of severity level T1) in the
first test section, then one in each of the second
and third test sections (same severity level), then
the number "13" would appear under the column T1
for that section ( [2+1+1]/3 = 1.3). That value
indicates that 1.3 cracks of that severity code
could be expected in any 100-foot sample of the
segment.When the word "Crack" appears below the
T2 and T3 headers the segment was recorded as having
only code1, or code0 and code1 transverse cracking
severity and thus is a candidate for crack sealing.
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Bc |
Condition of block cracking.
Block cracking is not coded unless it covers more
than 50% of the test section. Block cracking severity
codes are:
- Block size greater than 4 feet with no secondary
cracking.
- Block size less than 4 feet with no secondary
cracking.
- Block size greater than 4 feet with secondary
cracking.
- Block size less than 4 feet with secondary cracking.
The maximum block size is 12 feet. Construction joints
are not counted. Cracking along the wheelpath is not
counted as block cracking, rather it is counted as
fatigue cracking.
The extent represents the three test sections and
is a one digit number. The number shown denotes
the code of block cracking exhibited, code 1, 2,
3 or 4. For example, a "3" indicates code 3 block
cracking is present in more than 50% of the average
section. The worst condition found in the three
test sections is used to represent the segment.
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RIGID DISTRESS
For Joint Distress three 100-foot randomly
selected test sections are used to determine expected
condition for any 100-foot portion of the segment. Faulting
data is collected for the entire segment by the South
Dakota Profilometer. A value of “ * * * * * * * *” indicates
rigid distress has been rated on previous surveys on this
segment but none was encountered on this survey. This
is often PCCP that has been overlaid to become composite
or a segment that includes multiple pavement types.
Faulting
| |
There are three faulting severity codes:
- F1: >0.125” and <0.25"
- F2: 0.25" to 0.5"
- F3: >0.5"
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| |
With these codes a “Fault Score” is generated
by:
| Fault Score = |
[percentage of joints in a segment
exhibiting F1 faulting] |
|
+ 2*[percentage of joints in
a segment exhibiting F2 faulting] |
|
+ 4*[percentage of joints in
a segment exhibiting F3 faulting] |
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F |
Using the Fault Score,
the Fault Code (F in the report) is assigned as:
- 4 <Fault Score <= 45
- 45 <Fault Score <= 100
- 100 <Fault Score
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F1 F2 F3 % |
The weighted average percent
of code 1,2 and 3 faults per mile based on 352 joints
per mile (15’ joint spacing). |
Joint Distress
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J1 J2 J3 J4 |
Condition of joints in the segment as
determined from the average of three 100-foot test
sections. This is a one digit number indicating the
number of distressed joints of a given severity code
which can be expected to occur in any 100-foot sample
of the segment. Averages between 0.01 and 1.49 were
rounded to 1. The severity codes for joint distress
are:
- J1: Noticeable staining and/or minimal cracking
at each joint.
- J2: Staining and/or hariline cracking with minimum
spalling.
- J3: Significant cracking and spalling. Some
patching done or necessary.
- J4: Advanced cracking and severe spalling. Patching
deteriorated and 2 to 3 feet wide along joint.
Minimal cracking or spalling
is defined as less than 2 feet
along the joint length. Significant
cracking or spalling is defined as more
than 2 feet along the joint length. More than
one severity level may be coded per test section.
Extent is the number of full width joints in each
severity code. |
IRI Notes
The first digit of the Distress State parameter (See “Dis
St” ) is roughness. Roughness is expressed in ranges
of the Internation Roughness Index (IRI) as follows:
- "1" indicates an IRI value of less than 105 inches
per mile.
- "2" indicates an IRI value of 105 to 164 inches per
mile.
- "3" indicates an IRI value of more than 164 inches
per mile.
Based on a study of the variability of Mays Ridemeter (MRM)
readings, a statistical procedure using the standard deviation
of MRM readings was developed to lessen the annual change
between distress levels. In order for a distress level to
change from one year to the next, an IRI value must exceed
the distress level range division by +/- 5 inches per mile.
The following table illustrates this rule:
Previous
PL |
Current
IRI |
New
RL |
| 1 |
<110 |
1
|
1 |
110-164 |
2
| 1 |
>164 |
3
|
|
Previous
PL |
Current
IRI |
New
RL |
| 2 |
<100 |
1
|
| 2 |
100-169 |
2
|
| 2 |
>169 |
3
|
|
Previous
PL |
Current
IRI |
New
RL |
| 3 |
<105 |
1
|
| 3 |
105-159 |
2
|
| 3 |
>105 |
3
|
|
Where “RL” is Roughness Level
Performance
Level Notes
Performance Level (PL) is defined by Distress State and
Pavement Type according to the following table:
Performance Levels Assigned
to each Distress State
| DS Code |
PCCP |
Composite |
F.D. Bit |
P.D. Bit |
| 111, 112 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| 113 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
| 121, 122 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| 123 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 131, 133 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 211 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| 212 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
| 213 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
| 221 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 222 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 223 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 231-233 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| 311 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
| 312, 313 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
| 321 - 323 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
331 -333
|
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
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Road
Category Notes
Road category. The highway network is separated into 23
categories based on functional class, pavement type, roadway
width, and traffic (EAL) as illustrated by the following
table:
| Road |
Functional |
Pavement Type |
Roadway Width |
Desing Lane ADL |
| Category |
Classification |
|
Range In |
| Number |
|
Equ. 18kip/day |
| 1 |
Interstate |
PCC |
ALL |
0-749 |
| 2 |
" |
" |
" |
750-9999 |
| 3 |
" |
Composite |
" |
0-749 |
| 4 |
" |
" |
" |
750-9999 |
| 5 |
" |
Full Design Bituminous |
" |
0-9999 |
| 6 |
Other |
PCC |
" |
0-87 |
| 7 |
" |
" |
" |
88-162 |
| 8 |
" |
" |
" |
163-9999 |
| 9 |
" |
Composite |
" |
0-87 |
| 10 |
" |
" |
" |
88-162 |
| 11 |
" |
" |
" |
163-9999 |
| 12 |
" |
Full Design Bituminous |
<32´ |
0-22 |
| 13 |
" |
" |
" |
23-50 |
| 14 |
" |
" |
" |
51-9999 |
| 15 |
" |
" |
>32´ |
0-22 |
| 16 |
" |
" |
" |
23-50 |
| 17 |
" |
" |
" |
51-9999 |
| 18 |
" |
Partial Design Bituminous |
<32´ |
0-22 |
| 19 |
" |
" |
" |
23-50 |
| 20 |
" |
" |
" |
51-9999 |
| 21 |
" |
" |
>32´ |
0-22 |
| 22 |
" |
" |
" |
23-50 |
| 23 |
" |
" |
" |
51-9999 |
|
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